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Opioid misuse
Opioid drugs (e.g. morphine) are derived from a naturally occurring substance extracted from the seed pod of the Asian opium poppy plant.
smaxwell - 21/06/2016 - 10:55am
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drug
A drug is a medicine or other substance which has a physiological effect when introduced into the body; a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a disease or as a component of a medication.
jsharman - 25/09/2014 - 10:27am
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substance use disorder
A condition where a person administers a drug even though such drug use causes significant impairment or distress. This is used to describe problematic drug use such as the consumption of illicit or misused substances.
efaccena - 02/12/2022 - 2:49pm
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addiction
A maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress. A dependent individual will spend a great deal of time in drug-seeking, drug-taking and recovery activities, and will persist in taking the drug despite adverse social, occupational or recreational outcomes, and in full knowledge of the psychological and physical problems resulting from their drug-taking.
efaccena - 15/03/2016 - 1:44pm
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Other excretion
Excretion with the bile (and thereby with feces), sweat, exhaled air, saliva, and breast milk play a much smaller role compared to urine. An exception is the excretion of volatile anesthetics with exhaled air. The particular importance of the excretion via breast milk lies in the toxic effects of some drugs on the breastfeeding infant. Note that substance-specific portions of orally administered drugs are removed with feces without entering the circulation. This is due to their incomplete absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.
efaccena - 21/03/2016 - 11:47am
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xenobiotic
A xenobiotic is any foreign chemical substance found in an organism that is not normally naturally produced by or expected to be present in that organism. Drugs are xenobiotics, as are environmental pollutants, food additives, carcinogens and pesticides.
efaccena - 15/03/2016 - 3:06pm
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metabolic drug tolerance
This term is often used in substance use disorders to describe a situation where more drug is needed to achieve the same effect due to a pharmacokinetic change associated with chronic or repeated drug use. It is often due to an increase in drug elimination resulting from increased drug biotransformation.
efaccena - 02/12/2022 - 2:39pm