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  1. Anticonvulsant drugs

    Anticonvulsants drugs can be classified according to their molecular mechanism of action. In general, the most useful mechanisms exploited therapeutically are those that enhance gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) action and inhibit sodium channel activity. Other mechanisms include inhibition of calcium channels and glutamate receptors.

    smaxwell - 10/10/2014 - 7:48pm

  2. Ligand-gated ion channels

    Ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) mediate passive ion flux driven by the electrochemical gradient for the permeant ions. LGICs are gated by the binding of a specific ligand to an orthosteric site(s) that triggers a conformational change that results in the conducting state, or by binding of endogenous, or exogenous, modulators to allosteric sites. LGICs are responsible for fast synaptic transmission in the nervous system and at the somatic neuromuscular junction.

    efaccena - 24/02/2016 - 3:56pm

  3. Neurotransmitters

    Synaptic transmission relies on local synthesis, and release of neurotransmitter molecules at the synapse, binding of the neurotransmitter to its cognate post-synaptic receptor(s) and inactivation/removal of the neurotransmitter from the synaptic space to terminate the activation.

    efaccena - 29/03/2016 - 1:09pm

  4. Hypnotic and anxiolytic drugs

    The pharmacology of drugs with anxiolytic, sedative, and hypnotic effects overlaps significantly, with different doses of the same drug having effects ranging from sedation to loss of consciousness. So it can be difficult to ascribe just one function to each drug. The job of the prescriber is to identify the drug which offers the best therapeutic outcome for their patient.

    smaxwell - 10/10/2014 - 7:53pm

  5. Insomnia

    Insomnia refers to a sleep disorder marked by persistent difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or experiencing non-restorative sleep, despite adequate opportunity for sleep. It can be categorized as episodic, lasting up to three months, or persistent, lasting more than three months.

    Several neurotransmitters play essential roles in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. The neuronal systems in which neurotransmitters and neuropeptides act to control the sleep–wake cycle lie in the brainstem, hypothalamus, and basal forebrain, with connections in the thalamus and cortex.

    efaccena - 26/06/2023 - 9:45am

  6. General anaesthetics

    General anaesthetics (GAs) cause a controlled and reversible loss of consciousness, analgesia and amnesia, but despite having been in use for over 150 years, the precise mechanism of action of commonplace GAs is still not fully understood. A variety of compounds with widely different chemical structures can act as GAs. Central nervous system (CNS) areas affected by GAs include the cerebral cortex, thalamus, reticular activating system and spinal cord, and potential molecular targets include GABA, NMDA, serotonin (5-HT) and glycine receptors, as well as voltage-gated ion channels.

    efaccena - 31/05/2017 - 10:54am

  7. Overview of types of receptors, their mechanisms of action and examples

    Main types of drug targets and their mechanisms of action

    Drug Target

    Description

    Example(s)

    Receptors

    Channel-linked receptors

    media - 22/05/2014 - 12:09pm

  8. Schizophrenia

    Schizophrenia is a chronic brain disorder characterised by hallucinations, delusions, formal thought and movement disorders, behavioural changes and a lack of motivation. Symptoms are traditionally divided into positive and negative. The diagnosis is made clinically after a full psychiatric history and other causes of psychosis are excluded. The pathophysiology and causes of schizophrenia are multifaceted and extremely complex and there is no full understanding why it occurs. It has a relatively low prevalence affecting less than 1% of people in their lives.

    efaccena - 05/06/2023 - 9:46am

  9. Depression

    Depression (major depressive disorder) is a mood disorder characterised by low mood which persists for weeks or months and has a significant impact on daily life. It is a common disorder and the WHO estimates that around 5% of adults globally are affected.

    Aetiology

    efaccena - 05/06/2023 - 12:55pm

  10. Epilepsy

    Epilepsy is a common chronic brain disease that is characterised by repeated seizures, and it can occur in individuals of any age. Causes, triggers and symptoms vary widely between individuals.

    The main classification of seizures is:

    efaccena - 13/09/2019 - 9:37am

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