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  1. Antisecretory drugs

    In the gastrointestinal system, anti-secretory drugs are used to decrease acid secretion in the stomach.

    Drug families include:

    Histamine H2 receptor antagonists are used to treat functional dyspepsia and to promote healing of NSAID-associated ulcers e.g. cimetidine and famotidine.

    smaxwell - 10/10/2014 - 9:01am

  2. Drug interactions - Metabolism

    Many drugs rely on metabolism by different isoenzymes of cytochrome P450 (CYP) in the liver, especially 3A, 2D6, 2C9, 2C19, and 1A2. Interacting drugs have the potential to either increase the rate of metabolism by inducing the formation of more CYP isoenzyme or decrease metabolism by inhibiting isoenzyme activity.

    smaxwell - 13/10/2014 - 8:07pm

  3. Peptic ulcer disease

    Gastric and duodenal ulcers are subtypes of peptic ulcers. They are characterised by erosion of the epithelial layer of the gastric or duodenal mucosa, which causes upper abdominal pain. Less frequent symptoms include dyspepsia and nausea. Gastro-intestinal perforation and haemorrhage are serious (possibly life-threatening) complications of peptic ulcer disease.

    Two very common causes of peptic ulcer disease, which can occur independently or together, are Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

    efaccena - 06/02/2023 - 2:06pm

  4. Transporters as drug targets, and drug interactions

    Monoamine reuptake transporters

    efaccena - 21/03/2016 - 1:57pm

  5. Histamine

    Histamine is a vasoactive amine (a.k.a. a biogenic amine). It acts via a family of G protein-coupled receptors (histamine receptors H1-H4). The histamine receptors are differentially expressed, and couple to different second messenger systems. This results in context-specific effects in response to histamine release.

    efaccena - 30/03/2016 - 9:21am

  6. Introduction to the dose-response relationship

    When the relation between drug dose (X-axis) and drug response (Y-axis) is plotted on a base 10 logarithmic scale, this produces a sigmoidal dose–response curve (Fig A). This representation is more useful than a linear plot because it expands the dose scale in the region where drug response is changing rapidly and compresses the scale at higher doses where large changes have little effect on response.

    efaccena - 19/11/2015 - 9:43am

  7. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)

    Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD; also known as GERD Gastro-esophageal reflux disease)

    efaccena - 06/02/2023 - 1:40pm