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  1. Laxative drugs

    Laxatives are used to treat constipation (defined as passing hard stools less frequently than normal for the patient). The aetiology of constipation is varied and can be a symptom of organic disease, or can be a side effect of certain drug treatments (e.g. opioid-induced constipation, OIC). Laxatives are of clinical value in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), OIC, as part of anthelmintic treatment or to clear the alimentary tract before surgery and radiological procedures. Abuse of laxatives may lead to hypokalaemia.

    smaxwell - 10/10/2014 - 9:02am

  2. Drugs affecting acetylcholine receptors

    Drugs acting at ganglion nicotinic receptors

    As the same receptors are present at the ganglia of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic arms of the ANS, they cannot be differentiated pharmacologically.  Being ionotropic receptors, overstimulation can lead to depolarization blockade.  Thus, there is the potential for both agonists and antagonists to inhibit ganglionic neurotransmission.  Although ganglion blocking drugs have been used in the past in the treatment of hypertension, they are now considered clinically obsolete.

    efaccena - 21/03/2016 - 10:49am

  3. ANS Part II: Receptors, transmitters and drugs

    The two principal (or 'classical') small transmitter molecules used by neurons of the motor ANS are acetylcholine (ACh) and noradrenaline (NA).

    efaccena - 01/09/2017 - 10:39am