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  1. ANS Part II: Receptors, transmitters and drugs

    The two principal (or 'classical') small transmitter molecules used by neurons of the motor ANS are acetylcholine (ACh) and noradrenaline (NA).

    efaccena - 01/09/2017 - 10:39am

  2. Gasotransmitters

    There are many gaseous chemicals with effects/functions in the human body, however only three of these act as bona fide 'gasotransmitters' (or gaseous transmitters): nitric oxide (NO, a free-radical mediator), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). These three regulate a variety of key biological functions and are also implicated in tumour biology. They can have endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine actions. They are produced enzymatically under tight regulation. They have varying biological half-lives, which affects their mode of transmitter action.

    efaccena - 29/03/2016 - 1:08pm

  3. Arrhythmias

    The normal heart beats regularly at 60–100 beats per min (bpm), which is controlled by the sinoatrial (SA) node located in the right atrium. Tachycardia describes a heart that beats more rapidly (>100 bpm). Bradycardia describes a situation where the heart beats more slowly (<60 bpm). Electrical signals generated in the SA node travel through a conduction pathway in the wall of the atria (causing atrial contraction) before reaching and depolarising the AV node.

    efaccena - 15/03/2022 - 12:40pm

  4. Introduction to Drug Absorption

    Absorption is the process of delivering a drug into the blood stream.  Absorption can be accomplished by administering the drug in a variety of different ways (e.g. orally, rectally, intra-muscularly, subcutaneously, inhalation, topically, etc.).  Note, that if a drug is administered intravenously (placed directly into the blood stream), the need for absorption is bypassed entirely.

    hbenson - 23/06/2015 - 1:31pm

  5. Enzymes

    Enzymes are proteins which act as catalysts to facilitate the conversion of substrates into products.

    Enzyme classification has been developed by the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NC-IUBMB), which arranges enzymes into six large families:

    media - 22/05/2014 - 12:59pm

  6. Bone resorption inhibitors

    Bisphosphonates

    Bisphosphonates are a class of drugs used to prevent loss of bone mass in conditions characterised by excessive bone resorption which causes bone fragility, such as osteoporosis, Paget's disease of bone, bone metastasis and primary hyperparathyroidism. Mechanistically bisphosphonates bind to hydroxyapatite on bony surfaces, and are taken in to osteoclasts during bone resorption. Bisphosphonates act to disrupt osteoclast function and number (via apoptosis).

    efaccena - 22/07/2016 - 8:27am

  7. Transporters as drug targets, and drug interactions

    Monoamine reuptake transporters

    efaccena - 21/03/2016 - 1:57pm

  8. Positive inotropic drugs: Cardiac glycosides (digoxin)

    Digoxin is a member of a class of drugs known as the cardiac glycosides that also includes digitoxin and ouabain.

    efaccena - 10/07/2018 - 9:04am

  9. Neurotransmitters

    Synaptic transmission relies on local synthesis, and release of neurotransmitter molecules at the synapse, binding of the neurotransmitter to its cognate post-synaptic receptor(s) and inactivation/removal of the neurotransmitter from the synaptic space to terminate the activation.

    efaccena - 29/03/2016 - 1:09pm