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  1. Antiplatelet drugs

    Antiplatelet drugs are designed to decrease platelet aggregation to inhibit thrombus formation in the arterial circulation. Used to treat patients with cardiac and cerebrovascular conditions.

    They are classified according to their mechanism of action:

    smaxwell - 10/10/2014 - 9:12am

  2. Acute ischemic stroke (AIS)

    Acute ischemic stroke is caused by thrombotic or embolic occlusion of a cerebral artery, which leads to a sudden loss of blood circulation to a focal area of the brain. This results in a corresponding loss of neurologic function. The text that follows has been summarized and adapted from a transcript written by Amanda Dippold as part of her clinical pharmacology training.

    efaccena - 14/08/2018 - 10:32am

  3. NSAIDs (inflammation)

    NSAIDs have historically been classified according to their chemical composition, but as mechanism of action has come to the fore, this is also used to classify these drugs.

    NSAIDs within classes have similar characteristics and tolerability, with little difference in clinical efficacy at equivalent doses. The prescribers’ choice will be determined by other factors such as dosing regimens, route of administration and tolerability. For example, ibuprofen and diclofenac have half-lives of just 2–3 hours, whereas the oxicams have half-lives 10 times longer.

    efaccena - 09/09/2016 - 9:27am

  4. NSAIDs for musculoskeletal conditions

    There are about 20 different nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) available. Some, such as aspirin and ibuprofen, are widely available over-the-counter (OTC). Others are only available on prescription. NSAIDs are the most frequently used medicines for symptomatic relief in osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritis, and are often prescribed to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

    efaccena - 22/07/2016 - 8:25am

  5. Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors

    Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), used clinically to relieve fever and pain, such as those associated with headaches, colds, flu, and arthritis. NSAIDs are available by prescription and over-the-counter (OTC).

    efaccena - 08/03/2016 - 9:19am

  6. Ischemic heart disease

    Oxygen demand of the heart dynamically changes, and the coronary artery can adjust its blood flow to fulfill the myocardial oxygen demand (coronary blood flow reserve). Normally, the oxygen supply and the oxygen demand are well balanced in healthy subjects. When the oxygen supply to the heart becomes inadequate for the needs of the heart, myocardial ischemia occurs. That is, ischemic heart disease (IHD) is caused by an imbalance between the oxygen supply (coronary blood flow) and the oxygen demand of the heart.

    efaccena - 13/02/2018 - 10:14am

  7. Other autacoids

    The pharmacology and clinical impact of histamine and serotonin have been described above. This section will focus on other clinically important autacoid molecules.

    Autacoids release can be triggered by agents including chemical and immune irritants, UV light, bacterial toxins and physical trauma.

    Whilst histamine mediates the wheal, flare and redness reactions, the prostaglandins mediate pain.

    efaccena - 29/03/2016 - 1:12pm

  8. Urinary excretion

    The kidney is the principal drug-excreting organ. The three components of renal excretion, i.e. glomerular filtration, secretion, and reabsorption, are introduced in a brief video from Handwritten Tutorials (see the Learning Resources at the end of this topic). All renally excreted drugs reach urine via glomerular filtration. Many drugs additionally are secreted into the proximal tubule through the opportunistic (molecular similarity-based) use of organic cation and anion transporters.

    efaccena - 21/03/2016 - 11:43am

  9. Overview of types of receptors, their mechanisms of action and examples

    Main types of drug targets and their mechanisms of action

    Drug Target

    Description

    Example(s)

    Receptors

    Channel-linked receptors

    media - 22/05/2014 - 12:09pm

  10. Introduction to the dose-response relationship

    When the relation between drug dose (X-axis) and drug response (Y-axis) is plotted on a base 10 logarithmic scale, this produces a sigmoidal dose–response curve (Fig A). This representation is more useful than a linear plot because it expands the dose scale in the region where drug response is changing rapidly and compresses the scale at higher doses where large changes have little effect on response.

    efaccena - 19/11/2015 - 9:43am

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