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  1. Anti-arrhythmic drugs

    Antiarrhythmic drugs are a group of pharmaceuticals that are used to suppress abnormal rhythms of the heart (cardiac arrhythmias), such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation.

    Class I antiarrhythmics interfere with sodium channel function, and are subdivided by the effect they have on the action potential (AP)- see figure below

    smaxwell - 10/10/2014 - 9:04am

  2. Arrhythmias

    The normal heart beats regularly at 60–100 beats per min (bpm), which is controlled by the sinoatrial (SA) node located in the right atrium. Tachycardia describes a heart that beats more rapidly (>100 bpm). Bradycardia describes a situation where the heart beats more slowly (<60 bpm). Electrical signals generated in the SA node travel through a conduction pathway in the wall of the atria (causing atrial contraction) before reaching and depolarising the AV node.

    efaccena - 15/03/2022 - 12:40pm

  3. Voltage-gated ion channels

    Voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) are responsive to changes in the local electrical membrane potential, and are critical for the function of excitable cells, such as neurons and muscle cells. VGICs are ion-selective, with separate channels identified for each of the major physiological ions- Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-. Each type of channel is a multimeric complex of subunits encoded by a number of genes. Subunit combinations vary in different tissues, with each combination having distinctive voltage dependence and cellular localization.

    efaccena - 24/02/2016 - 3:26pm

  4. Positive inotropic drugs: Cardiac glycosides (digoxin)

    Digoxin is a member of a class of drugs known as the cardiac glycosides that also includes digitoxin and ouabain.

    efaccena - 10/07/2018 - 9:04am