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  1. Drugs affecting cholinergic neurotransmission

    Drugs affecting synthesis, storage or release of acetylcholine

    efaccena - 21/03/2016 - 10:38am

  2. Neurotransmitters

    Synaptic transmission relies on local synthesis, and release of neurotransmitter molecules at the synapse, binding of the neurotransmitter to its cognate post-synaptic receptor(s) and inactivation/removal of the neurotransmitter from the synaptic space to terminate the activation.

    efaccena - 29/03/2016 - 1:09pm

  3. Antimuscarinic bronchodilators

    Antimuscarinic (anticholinergic) bronchodilators provide an alternative, complementary approach to the treatment of airways obstruction, to the use of beta2-adrenergic agents. They are useful for the treatment of asthmatic patients who are poorly controlled by, or who experience troublesome side-effects from, adrenergic agents.

    smaxwell - 10/10/2014 - 7:41pm

  4. ANS Part II: Receptors, transmitters and drugs

    The two principal (or 'classical') small transmitter molecules used by neurons of the motor ANS are acetylcholine (ACh) and noradrenaline (NA).

    efaccena - 01/09/2017 - 10:39am

  5. The Parasympathetic Nervous System

    The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS or cholinergic system):

    Acetylcholine is the major transmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, but is also the transmitter at the ganglia of both the sympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems and the somatic nervous system.  Cholinergic nerves are also present within the CNS.  For this reason, drugs that modulate cholinergic neurotransmission can potentially produce a range of effects. Fewer responses are achieved by using drugs which act more selectively at muscarinic or nicotinic receptors. 

    media - 23/05/2014 - 10:22am

  6. Overview of agonists and antagonists

    This approximately 4.5 minute video defines the terms agonist and antagonist using acetylcholine and curare, respectively, as examples. The video provides easy to understand definitions of the terms with a relevant example.

    efaccena - 18/11/2015 - 3:23pm

  7. Overview of types of receptors, their mechanisms of action and examples

    Main types of drug targets and their mechanisms of action

    Drug Target

    Description

    Example(s)

    Receptors

    Channel-linked receptors

    media - 22/05/2014 - 12:09pm

  8. Drugs affecting acetylcholine receptors

    Drugs acting at ganglion nicotinic receptors

    As the same receptors are present at the ganglia of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic arms of the ANS, they cannot be differentiated pharmacologically.  Being ionotropic receptors, overstimulation can lead to depolarization blockade.  Thus, there is the potential for both agonists and antagonists to inhibit ganglionic neurotransmission.  Although ganglion blocking drugs have been used in the past in the treatment of hypertension, they are now considered clinically obsolete.

    efaccena - 21/03/2016 - 10:49am

  9. Insomnia

    Insomnia refers to a sleep disorder marked by persistent difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or experiencing non-restorative sleep, despite adequate opportunity for sleep. It can be categorized as episodic, lasting up to three months, or persistent, lasting more than three months.

    Several neurotransmitters play essential roles in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. The neuronal systems in which neurotransmitters and neuropeptides act to control the sleep–wake cycle lie in the brainstem, hypothalamus, and basal forebrain, with connections in the thalamus and cortex.

    efaccena - 26/06/2023 - 9:45am

  10. Anti-emetic drugs

    Drug-induced emesis can now be largely controlled with anti-emetic drugs, however, nausea remains a very significant clinical problem. This dichotomy suggests that different mechanisms underlie nausea and vomiting.

    smaxwell - 10/10/2014 - 7:50pm

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