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  1. Tobacco and nicotine misuse

    Tobacco use is a leading preventable cause of disease, disability, and death worldwide.

    smaxwell - 21/06/2016 - 10:34am

  2. Toxicology

    Clinical toxicology focuses on the adverse effects of chemical substances on humans, and the treatments that are available once exposure to toxins (produced naturally by an organism) or toxicants (including man-made substances) has been diagnosed.

    This module offers concise summaries of commonly abused substances, their effects, and classifications.

    Each topic provides learners with foundational knowledge needed to make informed decisions and effectively contribute to addressing substance abuse challenges.

    The structure of the module includes the following:

    media - 23/05/2014 - 2:14pm

  3. Drug metabolizing enzymes

    Cytochrome P450 enzymes are the main drug metabolising enzymes (xenobiotic inactivators) in humans, and these are the primary contributors to Phase I oxidative metabolism of drugs and other chemicals.

    efaccena - 08/03/2016 - 9:21am

  4. Ligand-gated ion channels

    Ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) mediate passive ion flux driven by the electrochemical gradient for the permeant ions. LGICs are gated by the binding of a specific ligand to an orthosteric site(s) that triggers a conformational change that results in the conducting state, or by binding of endogenous, or exogenous, modulators to allosteric sites. LGICs are responsible for fast synaptic transmission in the nervous system and at the somatic neuromuscular junction.

    efaccena - 24/02/2016 - 3:56pm

  5. ANS Part II: Receptors, transmitters and drugs

    The two principal (or 'classical') small transmitter molecules used by neurons of the motor ANS are acetylcholine (ACh) and noradrenaline (NA).

    efaccena - 01/09/2017 - 10:39am

  6. Antidepressant drugs

    In patients with moderate to severe depression routine antidepressant therapy is effective (as highlighted by Cipriani et al. (2018) following meta-analysis of results from clinical trials of 21 different antidepressants)- and is recommended to be combined with psychological therapy. Drug treatment of mild depression may also be considered in patients with a history of moderate or severe depression.

    smaxwell - 10/10/2014 - 7:55pm