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  1. Mood stabilising drugs

    A variety of chemotypes are grouped together as the mood stabilising drugs, used in the management of bipolar disorder (manic depression), mania and hypomania, and sometimes recurrent severe depression. Naming these drugs as mood stabilisers belies their action of stabilising mood in patients who experience problems with extreme highs, extreme lows, or mood swings between extreme highs and lows.

    Mood stabilisers should only be prescribed by mental health professionals, such as psychiatrists.

    smaxwell - 10/10/2014 - 7:56pm

  2. Drug interactions - Distribution

    Distribution interactions occur when drugs are extensively protein-bound and the co-administration of a second can displace it to the non-bound active form. This increases the amount of (unbound) drug available to cause an effect. For example, diazepam displaces phenytoin from plasma proteins, resulting in an increased plasma concentration of free phenytoin and an increased risk of toxicity. The effects of protein displacement are usually short-lived because the metabolism of the affected drug usually increases in parallel with the increased free drug concentration.

    smaxwell - 30/12/2015 - 10:31am

  3. Drug interactions - Excretion

    Excretion interactions primarily involve changes in renal excretion. This might be due to drug-induced reduction in glomerular filtration rate (e.g. diuretic-induced dehydration, ACE inhibitors, NSAIDs). This can reduce the clearance and increase the plasma concentration of many drugs, including some with a low therapeutic index (e.g. digoxin, lithium, aminoglycoside antibiotics). Less commonly, interactions may be due to competition for a common tubular organic anion transporters (e.g. methotrexate excretion may be inhibited by competition with NSAIDs).

    smaxwell - 30/12/2015 - 10:33am

  4. 5-HT1 receptor agonists

    The 5-HT1A receptor is a serotonin receptor subtype found in presynaptic and postsynaptic regions of the brain that is implicated in the control of mood, cognition and memory.

    smaxwell - 10/10/2014 - 7:49pm

  5. Antipsychotic drugs

    Antipsychotic use is associated with significant side-effects, most notably movement disorders (tardive dyskinesia) and weight gain. It is unclear whether the atypical (second-generation) antipsychotics offer advantages over older, first generation antipsychotics. Drop-out and symptom relapse rates are similar for both classes of drugs.

    Both generations of medication block receptors in the brain's dopamine pathways, but atypical antipsychotics often act on serotonin receptors as well.

    smaxwell - 10/10/2014 - 7:56pm