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1. Positive inotropic drugs: Catecholamines and PDE3 inhibitors

   Positive inotropic agents increase myocardial contractility by increasing the level of calcium in the cytoplasm of the muscle cells or by increasing the sensitivity of the heart to calcium. Positive inotropes are indicated in acute conditions where there is low cardiac output (CO), such as cardiogenic shock following myocardial infarction, acute decompensated heart failure, low CO states after cardiac surgery, cardiogenic shock, septic shock, and cardiomyopathy. In contrast, negative inotropes weaken the force of contraction of the heart

   smaxwell - 10/10/2014 - 9:03am

2. ANS Part II: Receptors, transmitters and drugs

   The two principal (or 'classical') small transmitter molecules used by neurons of the motor ANS are acetylcholine (ACh) and noradrenaline (NA).

   efaccena - 01/09/2017 - 10:39am