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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
COPD is a largely preventable lung condition. The main risk factor for development and exacerbation of COPD is tobacco smoking, but environmental and/or occupational exposure to pollutants is also implicated in the pathology of COPD. A very small number of cases are caused by genetic defects or impaired lung development. Smoking cessation is the most effective way to prevent COPD, or to reduce symptoms and exacerbations from established disease.
efaccena - 03/03/2023 - 9:36am
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Asthma
Asthma affects 300 million people worldwide and is characterized by respiratory symptoms that burden patients and can lead to exacerbations which require medical attention and can be fatal. Common symptoms of asthma include wheezing, chest tightness, cough and shortness of breath. These symptoms are caused by inflammation and hyperreactivity in the airways leading to bronchoconstriction or airway narrowing. There are many triggers for patients with asthma including dust and allergens, pollution, cigarette smoke and even exercise or stress.
efaccena - 11/03/2019 - 10:52am
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Drugs affecting acetylcholine receptors
Drugs acting at ganglion nicotinic receptors
As the same receptors are present at the ganglia of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic arms of the ANS, they cannot be differentiated pharmacologically. Being ionotropic receptors, overstimulation can lead to depolarization blockade. Thus, there is the potential for both agonists and antagonists to inhibit ganglionic neurotransmission. Although ganglion blocking drugs have been used in the past in the treatment of hypertension, they are now considered clinically obsolete.
efaccena - 21/03/2016 - 10:49am
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ANS Part II: Receptors, transmitters and drugs
The two principal (or 'classical') small transmitter molecules used by neurons of the motor ANS are acetylcholine (ACh) and noradrenaline (NA).
efaccena - 01/09/2017 - 10:39am